The electrical circuits they are a conglomerate of elements joined together where they can transfer an electric current. A stream It consists of a movement of electrons, because of this every circuit requires the circulation of electrons through its components.
Electric circuits have different uses; Its size can be large or small depending on the requirements or the function, although the number of important components that allow energy to flow from one area to another must always be taken into account and achieve its fundamental objective.
The purpose of electrical circuits is to allow electrical current to perform a useful task such as moving a motor, lighting, and collaborating with the operation of devices such as radios, among others.
Electrical circuits are used in all electrical machines that people use on a daily basis. Generally these circuits are very complex and need many elements that together give the correct operation of the devices.
Types of electrical circuits
Series circuit
It is a type of circuit in which only one direction is seen for the current. This begins at the power supply source, running through all the elements of the circuit, until it returns to the starting point. The way in which this circuit works indicates that the same current passes through all the components of the circuit, or that in all areas of the circuit the current remains unchanged.
Parallel circuit
In the parallel circuit, different conductors or parts are connected in parallel, with their specific ends. In this type, also called current divider, the receivers are related to the power network, they do not depend on the rest. The receivers have their own address, although in certain parts of the line they can all be joined.
Mixed circuit
It is that set of components that can be both parallels like in Serie; These circuits can be found in any way, provided that the two systems that compose them are used.
Mixed circuits can be elaborated presenting the pieces that are in series, and then those that are parallel, to later calculate and produce a single circuit.
Integrated circuit
They consist of electrical systems molded on or inside a substrate that is made of one component semiconductor or insulating, and works as a base for different elements connected to each other.
The materials that structure it collaborate directly with its operation. Some examples of these elements are transistors, capacitors, among others.
Monolithic integrated circuit
They are those circuits formed by a single element or piece, in which all the components have been organized at the same time on an insulating substrate that is composed of one of the elements. It has a mono-crystalline system, which means that the semiconductor substrate is made of glass.
This is formed by a thin layer of deposited aluminum known as metallization, which serves as the common thread of the printed circuits used to join the discrete components.
A monolithic integrated circuit is a small sheet of treated silicon, known as a chip. There are integrated circuits that are separated by a dielectric to make the separation between components in the substrate.
Discrete circuit
It is that circuit in which the components of the electrical circuit are joined, which are made separately, through printed conductors. They are said to be discrete because they are made up of separate pieces from each other. They are the counterpart of integrated circuits due to their way of elaboration.
Characteristics
- Electric circuits are characterized by linking two or more elements through a closed path.
- A circuit that has electronic elements is known as an electronic circuit.
- Circuits that have linear sources, elements, and linear allocation components can be studied using algebraic techniques, in order to specify their behavior in alternating or direct current.
Parts that make up an electrical circuit
Network or power supply
This component has the function of supply with energy to the electrical circuit. The power network is subdivided into alternating current, and direct current.
- Alternating current: This category of current is used in homes, with the aim of achieving the correct functioning of the appliances used.
- DC: The also known as C.C is a form of current located in batteries, cells and other consolidated sources of direct current, as a consequence of the alteration of alternating current into direct current.
Switch
This device has the function of enabling or preventing the functional activities of a circuit, everything will depend on whether it is connected or not.
Receiver
It is the part of the circuit with the function of obtaining and converting the energy that is taken from the supply network; An example of receivers are lamps or bulbs.
Fuse
The fuse is the device responsible for protecting the circuit against problems that may occur, such as short circuits.
Electric conductors
They consist of means of directing electric current. They are generally materials made of copper or aluminum, which are effective conductors of electricity.